The sub-module presents principles and concepts of the anthropogenic drivers of climate change starting from observed changes and projecting to the future. The key factors of anthropogenic climate forcing include GHG emissions and land use – land cover (LULC) change. Climate change will be connected to broader concepts of Planetary boundaries (Rockström et al. 2009, https://doi.org/10.1038/461472a ), Tipping elements (Steffen et al. 2018, pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1810141115 ), and Doughnut economy (Raworth 2012, https://www.oxfam.org/en/research/safe-and-just-space-humanity). The challenges and potential of climate change mitigation will be demonstrated through a web-based interactive simulation tool (EN-ROADS).